4th grade · English Language Arts · Unit 10 of 13
Grammar Gears
Who, which, have and has
What your child practices
Choosing who, which, that and whose, using have, has and had with the right verb form, telling questions from commands, and using my, your, their, this and these.
Arizona Academic Standards learning standard: 4.L.1 · relative pronouns and verb forms
How we explain it
Children can open this short lesson before they practice.
- Use who for people, which for things, that for either, and whose to show who owns something.
- Have and has go with a past form of the verb: they have lived, she has eaten.
- A command tells someone to do something. A question asks.
Example: “The girl ___ won the race is my cousin.” who or which? The word points back to “the girl,” a person. Use who for people. Answer: who
Grammar Gears in Arizona
In the Arizona Academic Standards, this is unit 10 of 13 in 4th grade English Language Arts, after Paragraph Power and before Media and Sources.
Gradelings describes a child's practice on this unit as Beginning, Approaching, Meeting or Exceeding (Four practice steps). That reflects practice, not a report-card mark: the teacher decides the mark.
- 4th grade guide for Arizona parents
- Printable 4th grade English Language Arts sheet
- Arizona report cards explained
Source: Arizona Department of Education
Sample questions
A taste of this unit. In the app, questions change every time and get easier or harder to match your child.
Question 1
Which word completes the sentence? ___ mountain far away is tall.
- These
- That
- This
That
Hint: That points to one thing that is far away.
Question 2
Which word completes the sentence? The neighbor ___ waters our plants is away.
- who
- which
- whose
who
Hint: Use who to tell more about a person.
Question 3
Which sentence is a command?
- She closes the door.
- Do you close the door?
- Close the door.
Close the door.
Hint: A command tells someone to do something. The verb is an imperative verb.
Question 4
Which sentence is in the past perfect tense?
- He packs before we arrive.
- He has packed since we arrived.
- He had packed before we arrived.
He had packed before we arrived.
Hint: Past perfect uses had plus a past-tense verb, for something that happened before another past event.
Question 5
Which sentence asks a question?
- Did Priya bring the map?
- Bring the map, Priya.
- Priya brought the map.
Did Priya bring the map?
Hint: A question often starts with do, does or did.
Question 6
Which sentence is in the present perfect tense?
- She will finish her homework.
- She has finished her homework.
- She finishes her homework.
She has finished her homework.
Hint: Present perfect uses has or have with a past-tense verb.