8th grade Math
17 units matched to the California Content Standards.
Focus areas
- Number and operations: linear equations, functions, and the Pythagorean theorem
- Measurement, data and geometry: shapes, measuring and reading data
- Mathematical practices: making sense of problems and explaining reasoning
Units
Unit 1
Squares, Cubes & Roots
Knowing perfect squares and cubes, finding square roots and cube roots, estimating where a square root falls between whole numbers, and linking squares to the area of a square.
Learning standard: 8.EE.2 · square roots and cube roots
Unit 2
Patterns & Two-Step Equations
Writing and evaluating expressions like 3n + 2, solving two-step equations, and finding the rule for a growing pattern or a cost made of whole items such as tickets.
Learning standard: 8.EE.7 · solving linear equations in one variable
Unit 3
Pythagorean Theorem
Finding a missing side of a right triangle, checking whether a triangle is a right triangle, and using the theorem for ladders and diagonals.
Learning standard: 8.G.6; 8.G.7 · the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse in problems in context
Unit 4
Surface Area & Volume
Finding surface area and volume of boxes, cubes, triangular prisms and cylinders, working backwards to a missing dimension, linking cm³ to milliliters, and recognizing nets and views of 3D objects.
Learning standard: 8.G.9 · volume of cylinders
Unit 5
Big, Small & Real Numbers
Writing very large and very small numbers in scientific notation, telling rational from irrational numbers, ordering numbers such as √2 and π, and mentally multiplying and dividing by powers of ten.
Learning standard: 8.NS.1; 8.NS.2; 8.EE.3; 8.EE.4 · irrational numbers and scientific notation
Unit 6
Scatter Plots & Stories
Deciding when two-variable data is needed, picking the best graph, describing scatter plots as strong, weak, positive, negative or none, spotting outliers, and noticing graphs that mislead.
Learning standard: 8.SP.1; 8.SP.2 · scatter plots and patterns of association
Unit 7
Tessellations & Transformations
Why some shapes tessellate, naming the transformations in a tiling, and finding the image of a point after a translation, reflection, rotation or dilation on a coordinate grid.
Learning standard: 8.G.1; 8.G.3 · translations, reflections, rotations and dilations on the coordinate plane
Unit 8
Angle Detective
Using equal and supplementary angles when a transversal crosses parallel lines, and the angle sums of triangles, quadrilaterals and polygons, including exterior angles.
Learning standard: 8.G.5 · angle sums of triangles and angles formed by parallel lines
Unit 9
Tables, Graphs & Linear Relations
Using an equation like y = 3x + 2 to build a table of values, find a missing x or y, and describe how the variables change together.
Learning standard: 8.F.3; 8.F.4 · linear functions of the form y = mx + b, their tables and graphs
Unit 10
Equations with Brackets
Solving one-variable equations, including ones with brackets and negative numbers, checking by substitution, and spotting a common mistake with the distributive property.
Learning standard: 8.EE.7 · solving linear equations that need the distributive property
Unit 11
Congruent Shapes
Recognizing congruent shapes, matching corresponding sides and angles, and finding the coordinates of a point after a slide, flip or turn.
Learning standard: 8.G.2 · congruence through rotations, reflections and translations
Unit 12
Exponent Rules
Properties of integer exponents: multiplying and dividing powers with the same base, a power of a power, zero exponents and negative exponents.
Learning standard: 8.EE.1 · applying the properties of integer exponents to write equivalent expressions
Unit 13
Systems of Equations
Solving pairs of linear equations, checking a solution, telling when a system has no solution or infinitely many, and simple word problems.
Learning standard: 8.EE.8 · finding and interpreting solutions to pairs of linear equations
Unit 14
Functions
Deciding whether a relation is a function, comparing two functions shown in different ways, spotting linear functions, and matching a graph to a story.
Learning standard: 8.F.1; 8.F.2; 8.F.3; 8.F.5 · functions as one output for each input, comparing functions, linear functions, and describing graphs in words
Unit 15
Cones, Cylinders & Spheres
Using the volume formulas for cylinders, cones and spheres, in terms of π and with 3.14.
Learning standard: 8.G.9 · using the formulas for the volumes of cones, cylinders and spheres
Unit 16
Slope & Rate of Change
Finding slope from two points or a table, reading slope as a unit rate, writing y = mx + b, and saying what the intercept means.
Learning standard: 8.EE.5; 8.EE.6; 8.F.4 · slope as the unit rate and writing lines as y = mx + b
Unit 17
Two-Way Tables
Reading two-way tables of survey data, finding relative frequencies (percents) in a row, and deciding whether two things seem to be linked.
Learning standard: 8.SP.4 · looking for patterns of association in two-way tables of categorical data
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