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4th grade · English Language Arts · Unit 10 of 20

Grammar Gears

Who, which, have and has

What your child practices

Choosing who, which, that and whose, using have, has and had with the right verb form, telling questions from commands, and using my, your, their, this and these.

New York State Learning Standards learning standard: 4L1 · relative pronouns and verb forms

How we explain it

Children can open this short lesson before they practice.

  1. Use who for people, which for things, that for either, and whose to show who owns something.
  2. Have and has go with a past form of the verb: they have lived, she has eaten.
  3. A command tells someone to do something. A question asks.

Example: “The girl ___ won the race is my cousin.” who or which? The word points back to “the girl,” a person. Use who for people. Answer: who

Grammar Gears in New York

In the New York State Learning Standards, this is unit 10 of 20 in 4th grade English Language Arts, after Paragraph Power and before Media and Sources.

Gradelings describes a child's practice on this unit as Beginning, Approaching, Meeting or Exceeding (Four practice steps). That reflects practice, not a report-card mark: the teacher decides the mark.

Source: New York State Education Department (NYSED)

Sample questions

A taste of this unit. In the app, questions change every time and get easier or harder to match your child.

  1. Question 1

    Which word is a possessive pronoun used like an adjective? Sam fed his dog.

    • fed
    • his
    • Sam

  2. Question 2

    Which completes the sentence? They ___ lived here for three years.

    • have
    • has
    • had been

  3. Question 3

    Which sentence is in the past perfect tense?

    • She has finished since the bell rang.
    • She had finished before the bell rang.
    • She finishes before the bell rings.

  4. Question 4

    Which word completes the sentence? The jacket ___ I wore was too warm.

    • whose
    • that
    • who

  5. Question 5

    Which word completes the sentence? The girl ___ won the race is my cousin.

    • whose
    • which
    • who

  6. Question 6

    Which sentence asks a question?

    • Play the drums, Lena.
    • Lena plays the drums.
    • Does Lena play the drums?

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