Reading short original stories and articles, then finding the main idea and key details, making inferences from clues, working out word meanings and choosing the best summary.
New York State Learning Standards learning standard: 4R1; 4R2; 4R3; 4R4 · main idea, details, inferences, word meanings and summaries
How we explain it
Children can open this short lesson before they practice.
The main idea is what the whole passage is mostly about. Details support it.
To infer, put clues from the text together with what you already know.
A good summary gives the main idea and the key details in a few words.
Example: Kenji draws a cake with candles on a card for his grandmother and wraps a present. What is the occasion most likely? Clues: a cake with candles, a card, a present. Those clues usually go with one kind of party. Answer: his grandmother’s birthday
Reading Detectives in New York
In the New York State Learning Standards, this is unit 1 of 20 in 4th grade English Language Arts, before Text Features.
Gradelings describes a child's practice on this unit as Beginning, Approaching, Meeting or Exceeding (Four practice steps). That reflects practice, not a report-card mark: the teacher decides the mark.
A taste of this unit. In the app, questions change every time and get easier or harder to match your child.
Question 1
What was the problem in the story?
The Rainy-Day Plan
Priya and Leo had planned a lemonade stand to raise money for the animal shelter. On Saturday morning, dark clouds rolled in and rain began to pour.
Leo groaned. “Nobody will buy lemonade in the rain.” Priya looked out at the wet street, then grinned. “Then let's sell something warm.”
With permission, they set up a table in the lobby of the community center. They sold warm cocoa and oatmeal cookies to people coming in from the storm. By the afternoon, they had raised more money than they had hoped.
Leo forgot the lemons
Rain spoiled their plan for a lemonade stand
The animal shelter was closed
They ran out of cookies
Rain spoiled their plan for a lemonade stand
Hint: The problem usually shows up early in a story. Look at the first paragraph.
Question 2
What does Priya's idea show about her?
The Rainy-Day Plan
Priya and Leo had planned a lemonade stand to raise money for the animal shelter. On Saturday morning, dark clouds rolled in and rain began to pour.
Leo groaned. “Nobody will buy lemonade in the rain.” Priya looked out at the wet street, then grinned. “Then let's sell something warm.”
With permission, they set up a table in the lobby of the community center. They sold warm cocoa and oatmeal cookies to people coming in from the storm. By the afternoon, they had raised more money than they had hoped.
She is careless
She doesn't like animals
She is shy and quiet
She is creative and doesn't give up easily
She is creative and doesn't give up easily
Hint: When the plan went wrong, Priya grinned and thought of a new plan. What does that tell you?
Question 3
“Leo groaned.” What does this tell you about how Leo felt?
The Rainy-Day Plan
Priya and Leo had planned a lemonade stand to raise money for the animal shelter. On Saturday morning, dark clouds rolled in and rain began to pour.
Leo groaned. “Nobody will buy lemonade in the rain.” Priya looked out at the wet street, then grinned. “Then let's sell something warm.”
With permission, they set up a table in the lobby of the community center. They sold warm cocoa and oatmeal cookies to people coming in from the storm. By the afternoon, they had raised more money than they had hoped.
He felt excited
He felt proud
He felt sleepy
He felt disappointed
He felt disappointed
Hint: A groan is a low sound people make when something goes wrong. Read what Leo says next.
Question 4
Why were Priya and Leo selling things?
The Rainy-Day Plan
Priya and Leo had planned a lemonade stand to raise money for the animal shelter. On Saturday morning, dark clouds rolled in and rain began to pour.
Leo groaned. “Nobody will buy lemonade in the rain.” Priya looked out at the wet street, then grinned. “Then let's sell something warm.”
With permission, they set up a table in the lobby of the community center. They sold warm cocoa and oatmeal cookies to people coming in from the storm. By the afternoon, they had raised more money than they had hoped.
to pay for a trip
to win a contest
to buy new bikes
to raise money for the animal shelter
to raise money for the animal shelter
Hint: The very first sentence tells you why.
Question 5
What is the main idea of this passage?
Nature's Engineers
Beavers are sometimes called nature's engineers. An engineer is someone who designs and builds things, and beavers are amazing builders.
Using their strong front teeth, beavers cut down small trees and branches. They pile the wood across a stream and pack the gaps with mud and stones. This dam slows the water and makes a deep pond.
In the pond, beavers build a home called a lodge. Its entrance is underwater, which helps keep the family safe from predators such as wolves.
Beaver ponds help other living things, too. Ducks, frogs, fish and moose often visit or live in the wetlands that beavers create.
Wolves are predators
Beavers have strong front teeth
Ducks and frogs live in ponds
Beavers are skilled builders whose work changes the land around them
Beavers are skilled builders whose work changes the land around them
Hint: The other choices are details. The main idea is the big idea that all the paragraphs support.
Question 6
What happens when beavers build a dam?
Nature's Engineers
Beavers are sometimes called nature's engineers. An engineer is someone who designs and builds things, and beavers are amazing builders.
Using their strong front teeth, beavers cut down small trees and branches. They pile the wood across a stream and pack the gaps with mud and stones. This dam slows the water and makes a deep pond.
In the pond, beavers build a home called a lodge. Its entrance is underwater, which helps keep the family safe from predators such as wolves.
Beaver ponds help other living things, too. Ducks, frogs, fish and moose often visit or live in the wetlands that beavers create.
The trees grow faster
The fish swim away to the ocean
The stream dries up forever
The water slows down and forms a deep pond
The water slows down and forms a deep pond
Hint: This is cause and effect. Find the sentence that starts with “This dam…”.